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Study finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages

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ArticleClaim list

Study finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages (Unverified, claim 1)

by New Jersey Institute of Technology (Unverified, claim 2)

edited by Sadie Harley, reviewed by Andrew Zinin (Not auto-checked, claim 3)

Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have found that a largely overlooked class of "forever chemicals" is widespread in New Jersey drinking water and commercially available bottled beverages, raising new questions about how these persistent contaminants are monitored and potentially introduced into everyday products. (Unverified, claim 4)

In what researchers describe as the first statewide U.S. monitoring study of ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the NJIT team detected trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in more than 91% of tap-water samples collected across all 21 New Jersey counties and nearly 80% of bottled beverages tested. (3 claims: 3 Unverified)

The study also revealed substantially higher concentrations in certain sports drinks and electrolyte waters than in plain bottled water, suggesting that ingredients or manufacturing processes may contribute to contamination beyond the original water source. (Unverified, claim 8)

The findings, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, highlight a significant gap in conventional PFAS monitoring. (Corroborated, claim 9)

While chemicals such as PFOA and PFOS have received widespread regulatory attention by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ultra-short-chain PFAS have largely escaped routine testing because their small molecular size and chemical properties make them difficult to detect using established methods. (Unverified, claim 10)

"Most people have heard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) because they have been the focus of regulations and water testing for years. (Unverified, claim 11) TFA is different," said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study.

"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS." (3 claims: 1 Corroborated, 2 Unverified)

To investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages. (Unverified, claim 16) Using a specialized laboratory method, they screened for five ultra-short-chain PFAS that can be difficult to measure through conventional testing procedures. (Unverified, claim 17)

TFA was by far the most frequently detected compound, appearing in 64 of 70 tap-water samples and 34 of 43 bottled beverages. (Unverified, claim 18) Although concentrations varied geographically, at least one tap-water sample from every New Jersey county contained detectable TFA. (Unverified, claim 19)

The study found a median concentration of 352 nanograms per liter among tap-water samples with detectable TFA, with higher county averages observed in several northern and northeastern counties, such as Essex, Hudson and Bergen. (Unverified, claim 20)

"We anticipated finding trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in drinking water, as previous studies in Europe had reported its widespread occurrence," said Arjun Venkatesan, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at NJIT and director of the Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory. (Not auto-checked, claim 21)

"However, what surprised us was how frequently it was detected, occurring in 64 of the 70 tap water samples collected across New Jersey and 34 of the 43 bottled beverages analyzed." (Unverified, claim 22)

One of the study's most notable findings involved the considerable differences between plain bottled water and beverages containing added ingredients. (Unverified, claim 23)

Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters. (Unverified, claim 24) Concentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter. (Unverified, claim 25) By comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter. (Unverified, claim 26)

Researchers have not determined why some formulated beverages contained substantially higher concentrations. (Unverified, claim 27) Unlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA. (Unverified, claim 28)

"One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations," Gu said. "However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products." (Unverified, claim 30)

TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals. (Unverified, claim 31) It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources. (Unverified, claim 32) Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment. (Corroborated, claim 33)

The researchers emphasize that the study represents an initial snapshot of contamination rather than a comprehensive assessment of New Jersey's drinking-water systems. (Unverified, claim 34) Additional sampling will be needed to determine how concentrations vary over time and to identify the sources responsible for geographic differences.

The study also points to challenges facing water utilities and regulators. Conventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds. (Corroborated, claim 35) Specialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants. (Unverified, claim 36)

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Every claim 34

ArticleClaim list
  1. 1UnverifiedStudy finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  2. 2Unverifiedby New Jersey Institute of Technology0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Filed under Refrigerants · TFA · New Jersey · New Jersey Institute of Technology
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  3. 3Not auto-checkededited by Sadie Harley, reviewed by Andrew Zinin0 sources

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    Not auto-checked: this sentence names a private individual or small business, so no automated status is given. Evidence only.

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    No source is attached to this claim yet.

    Status history
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  4. 4UnverifiedResearchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have found that a largely overlooked class of "forever chemicals" is widespread in New Jersey drinking water and commercially available bottled beverages, raising new questions about how these persistent contaminants are monitored and potentially introduced into everyday products.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  5. 5UnverifiedResearchers describe the NJIT team's study as the first statewide U.S. monitoring study of ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    part of “In what researchers describe as the first statewide U.S. monitoring study of ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the NJIT team detected trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in more than 91% of tap-water samples collected across all 21 New Jersey counties and nearly 80% of bottled beverages tested.”

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  6. 6UnverifiedThe NJIT team's tap-water samples were collected across all 21 New Jersey counties.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    part of “In what researchers describe as the first statewide U.S. monitoring study of ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the NJIT team detected trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in more than 91% of tap-water samples collected across all 21 New Jersey counties and nearly 80% of bottled beverages tested.”

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  7. 7UnverifiedThe NJIT team detected trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in nearly 80% of bottled beverages tested.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    part of “In what researchers describe as the first statewide U.S. monitoring study of ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the NJIT team detected trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in more than 91% of tap-water samples collected across all 21 New Jersey counties and nearly 80% of bottled beverages tested.”

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  8. 8UnverifiedThe study also revealed substantially higher concentrations in certain sports drinks and electrolyte waters than in plain bottled water, suggesting that ingredients or manufacturing processes may contribute to contamination beyond the original water source.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    • www.canada.cacontextfound by search
      Overall, concentrations of PFAS were higher in tap water samples that had a surface water source compared with tap water samples that had a groundwater source.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  9. 9CorroboratedThe findings, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, highlight a significant gap in conventional PFAS monitoring.1 source

    Report

    At least one independent source states or directly implies this, or, where sources disagree, clearly more sites support it than contradict it.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    • www.canada.cashowsfound by search
      These studies confirm the environmental presence of PFAS mixtures that include many substances that are not targeted in typical monitoring and surveillance studies.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
    2. unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · system
  10. 10UnverifiedWhile chemicals such as PFOA and PFOS have received widespread regulatory attention by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ultra-short-chain PFAS have largely escaped routine testing because their small molecular size and chemical properties make them difficult to detect using established methods.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • www.canada.cacontextfound by search
      Recently, more studies have been conducted on short-chain PFAS, which have been used as replacements for PFOA and PFOS.
    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  11. 11Unverified"Most people have heard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) because they have been the focus of regulations and water testing for years.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  12. 13UnverifiedIt is much smaller in molecular size.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    part of “"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS."”

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    No source is attached to this claim yet.

    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  13. 14CorroboratedIt is highly soluble in water.1 source

    Report

    At least one independent source states or directly implies this, or, where sources disagree, clearly more sites support it than contradict it.

    part of “"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS."”

    Evidence

    • www.canada.cashowsfound by search
      Ionic PFAS (that is, PFAS that are predominantly ionized at environmental pH) such as PFCAs and PFSAs are highly water-soluble and non-volatile, and thus partition predominantly to water where they are more easily transported
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
    2. unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · system
  14. 15UnverifiedIt does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    part of “"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS."”

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    No source is attached to this claim yet.

    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  15. 16UnverifiedTo investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    • www.canada.cacontextfound by search
      (2020) analyzed 70 samples of fish fillets (from purchased whole fish) and shellfish commercially available in the US for 26 PFAS compounds.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  16. 17UnverifiedUsing a specialized laboratory method, they screened for five ultra-short-chain PFAS that can be difficult to measure through conventional testing procedures.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  17. 18UnverifiedTFA was by far the most frequently detected compound, appearing in 64 of 70 tap-water samples and 34 of 43 bottled beverages.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  18. 19UnverifiedAlthough concentrations varied geographically, at least one tap-water sample from every New Jersey county contained detectable TFA.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  19. 20UnverifiedThe study found a median concentration of 352 nanograms per liter among tap-water samples with detectable TFA, with higher county averages observed in several northern and northeastern counties, such as Essex, Hudson and Bergen.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  20. 21Not auto-checked"We anticipated finding trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in drinking water, as previous studies in Europe had reported its widespread occurrence," said Arjun Venkatesan, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at NJIT and director of the Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory.0 sources

    Report

    Not auto-checked: this sentence names a private individual or small business, so no automated status is given. Evidence only.

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    No source is attached to this claim yet.

    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  21. 22Unverified"However, what surprised us was how frequently it was detected, occurring in 64 of the 70 tap water samples collected across New Jersey and 34 of the 43 bottled beverages analyzed."0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  22. 23UnverifiedOne of the study's most notable findings involved the considerable differences between plain bottled water and beverages containing added ingredients.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  23. 24UnverifiedAmong the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Among 43 bottled beverages, TFA was found in 79.1%, with concentrations from 59.6 to 94,100ng/L. The mean concentration in 12 formulated beverages was 15,400ng/L while for 31 bottled waters it was 295ng/L, a 52.2-fold difference.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  24. 25UnverifiedConcentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • www.canada.cacontextfound by search
      The impact of risk management measures on the concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in source and treated drinking waters in Ontario, Canada.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  25. 26UnverifiedBy comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

    Evidence

    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  26. 27UnverifiedResearchers have not determined why some formulated beverages contained substantially higher concentrations.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  27. 28UnverifiedUnlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  28. 30Unverified"However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products."0 sources

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  29. 31UnverifiedTFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals.0 sources

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Filed under Refrigerants · TFA · New Jersey · New Jersey Institute of Technology
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  30. 32UnverifiedIt can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      By comparison, recent TFA data from the U.K. showed an average of 2,600ng/L in surface water and 2,800ng/L in groundwater.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  31. 33CorroboratedIts persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment.1 source

    Report

    At least one independent source states or directly implies this, or, where sources disagree, clearly more sites support it than contradict it.

    Evidence

    • www.canada.cashowsfound by search
      PFAS are widely used because they are resistant to heat and chemical extremes, but these same characteristics make most conventional treatment technologies ineffective for PFAS removal or destruction both at contaminated sites (see section 2.3) and for drinking water treatment.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
    2. unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · system
  32. 34UnverifiedThe researchers emphasize that the study represents an initial snapshot of contamination rather than a comprehensive assessment of New Jersey's drinking-water systems.0 sources

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    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
  33. 35CorroboratedConventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds.1 source

    Report

    At least one independent source states or directly implies this, or, where sources disagree, clearly more sites support it than contradict it.

    Evidence

    • www.canada.cashowsfound by search
      The most effective treatment technologies for the removal of PFAS (including PFOS and PFOA) are, alone or combined, granular activated carbon, membrane filtration (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration), and anion exchange (Appleman et al. … Generally speaking, treatment appeared to be less effective with shorter-chain compounds such as PFBS and PFPeA, which were often present in higher concentrations in the treated effluents than in the raw leachate.
    • naturalrefrigerants.comcontextfound by search
      Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.
    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system
    2. unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · system
  34. 36UnverifiedSpecialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants.0 sources

    Report

    No independent source we read confirms or contradicts this sentence yet. That is not a finding that it is wrong.

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    Status history
    1. unverified · initial · system

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  • TFA is different," said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study. Report
  • "One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations," Gu said. Report

Claim