--- id: "01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86" url: "https://factriot.app/r/01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86" canonical_url: "https://phys.org/news/2026-10-overlooked-chemicals-widespread-jersey-bottled.html" domain: "phys.org" title: "Study finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages" state: ready checked_at: "2026-10-14T11:47:09.565Z" author_type: system requested_by_type: agent kind: page subject: null claim_count: 36 license: "ODbL-1.0" alternates: html: "https://factriot.app/r/01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86" json: "https://factriot.app/r/01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86.json" --- # Study finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages Source: https://phys.org/news/2026-10-overlooked-chemicals-widespread-jersey-bottled.html (phys.org) ## Claim 1 — Unverified > Study finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:04.737Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 2 — Unverified > by New Jersey Institute of Technology - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Filed under Refrigerants · TFA · New Jersey · New Jersey Institute of Technology" History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:05.483Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 3 — Not auto-checked > edited by Sadie Harley, reviewed by Andrew Zinin Not auto-checked: this sentence names a private individual or small business, so no automated status is given. Evidence only. History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:06.198Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 4 — Unverified > Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have found that a largely overlooked class of "forever chemicals" is widespread in New Jersey drinking water and commercially available bottled beverages, raising new questions about how these persistent contaminants are monitored and potentially introduced into everyday products. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:06.926Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 5 — Unverified > Researchers describe the NJIT team's study as the first statewide U.S. monitoring study of ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:07.643Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 6 — Unverified > The NJIT team's tap-water samples were collected across all 21 New Jersey counties. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:44:03.610Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 7 — Unverified > The NJIT team detected trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in nearly 80% of bottled beverages tested. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:44:04.313Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 8 — Unverified > The study also revealed substantially higher concentrations in certain sports drinks and electrolyte waters than in plain bottled water, suggesting that ingredients or manufacturing processes may contribute to contamination beyond the original water source. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — context — "Overall, concentrations of PFAS were higher in tap water samples that had a surface water source compared with tap water samples that had a groundwater source." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:08.358Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 9 — Corroborated > The findings, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, highlight a significant gap in conventional PFAS monitoring. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — supports — "These studies confirm the environmental presence of PFAS mixtures that include many substances that are not targeted in typical monitoring and surveillance studies." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:09.063Z unverified · initial · [system] - 2026-10-14T11:54:19.499Z unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · [system] ## Claim 10 — Unverified > While chemicals such as PFOA and PFOS have received widespread regulatory attention by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ultra-short-chain PFAS have largely escaped routine testing because their small molecular size and chemical properties make them difficult to detect using established methods. - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — context — "Recently, more studies have been conducted on short-chain PFAS, which have been used as replacements for PFOA and PFOS." - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:09.787Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 11 — Unverified > "Most people have heard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) because they have been the focus of regulations and water testing for years. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:10.501Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 12 — Unverified > TFA is different," said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study. History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:11.211Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 13 — Unverified > It is much smaller in molecular size. History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:11.920Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 14 — Corroborated > It is highly soluble in water. - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — supports — "Ionic PFAS (that is, PFAS that are predominantly ionized at environmental pH) such as PFCAs and PFSAs are highly water-soluble and non-volatile, and thus partition predominantly to water where they are more easily transported" History: - 2026-10-14T11:44:05.011Z unverified · initial · [system] - 2026-10-14T11:54:23.960Z unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · [system] ## Claim 15 — Unverified > It does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS. History: - 2026-10-14T11:44:05.727Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 16 — Unverified > To investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — context — "(2020) analyzed 70 samples of fish fillets (from purchased whole fish) and shellfish commercially available in the US for 26 PFAS compounds." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:12.636Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 17 — Unverified > Using a specialized laboratory method, they screened for five ultra-short-chain PFAS that can be difficult to measure through conventional testing procedures. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:13.356Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 18 — Unverified > TFA was by far the most frequently detected compound, appearing in 64 of 70 tap-water samples and 34 of 43 bottled beverages. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:14.075Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 19 — Unverified > Although concentrations varied geographically, at least one tap-water sample from every New Jersey county contained detectable TFA. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:14.786Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 20 — Unverified > The study found a median concentration of 352 nanograms per liter among tap-water samples with detectable TFA, with higher county averages observed in several northern and northeastern counties, such as Essex, Hudson and Bergen. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:15.505Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 21 — Not auto-checked > "We anticipated finding trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in drinking water, as previous studies in Europe had reported its widespread occurrence," said Arjun Venkatesan, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at NJIT and director of the Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory. Not auto-checked: this sentence names a private individual or small business, so no automated status is given. Evidence only. History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:16.214Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 22 — Unverified > "However, what surprised us was how frequently it was detected, occurring in 64 of the 70 tap water samples collected across New Jersey and 34 of the 43 bottled beverages analyzed." - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:16.944Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 23 — Unverified > One of the study's most notable findings involved the considerable differences between plain bottled water and beverages containing added ingredients. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:17.663Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 24 — Unverified > Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Among 43 bottled beverages, TFA was found in 79.1%, with concentrations from 59.6 to 94,100ng/L. The mean concentration in 12 formulated beverages was 15,400ng/L while for 31 bottled waters it was 295ng/L, a 52.2-fold difference." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:18.388Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 25 — Unverified > Concentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter. - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — context — "The impact of risk management measures on the concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in source and treated drinking waters in Ontario, Canada." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:19.088Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 26 — Unverified > By comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:19.801Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 27 — Unverified > Researchers have not determined why some formulated beverages contained substantially higher concentrations. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:20.527Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 28 — Unverified > Unlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:21.240Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 29 — Unverified > "One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations," Gu said. History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:21.955Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 30 — Unverified > "However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:22.674Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 31 — Unverified > TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Filed under Refrigerants · TFA · New Jersey · New Jersey Institute of Technology" History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:23.418Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 32 — Unverified > It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "By comparison, recent TFA data from the U.K. showed an average of 2,600ng/L in surface water and 2,800ng/L in groundwater." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:24.130Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 33 — Corroborated > Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment. - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — supports — "PFAS are widely used because they are resistant to heat and chemical extremes, but these same characteristics make most conventional treatment technologies ineffective for PFAS removal or destruction both at contaminated sites (see section 2.3) and for drinking water treatment." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:24.849Z unverified · initial · [system] - 2026-10-14T11:54:40.347Z unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · [system] ## Claim 34 — Unverified > The researchers emphasize that the study represents an initial snapshot of contamination rather than a comprehensive assessment of New Jersey's drinking-water systems. - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:25.577Z unverified · initial · [system] ## Claim 35 — Corroborated > Conventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds. - [www.canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html) — supports — "The most effective treatment technologies for the removal of PFAS (including PFOS and PFOA) are, alone or combined, granular activated carbon, membrane filtration (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration), and anion exchange (Appleman et al. … Generally speaking, treatment appeared to be less effective with shorter-chain compounds such as PFBS and PFPeA, which were often present in higher concentrations in the treated effluents than in the raw leachate." - [naturalrefrigerants.com](https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages) — context — "Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L." History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:26.293Z unverified · initial · [system] - 2026-10-14T11:54:43.038Z unverified → corroborated · l3_supports · [system] ## Claim 36 — Unverified > Specialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants. History: - 2026-10-14T11:43:27.014Z unverified · initial · [system]